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''El País'' (; literally ''The Country'') is the highest-circulation daily newspaper in Spain and one of three Madrid dailies considered to be national newspapers of record for Spain (along with ''El Mundo'' and ''ABC'').〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Spain: Media and publishing )〕 ''El País'', based in Madrid, is owned by the Spanish media conglomerate PRISA. Its headquarters and central editorial staff are located in Madrid, although there are regional offices in the principal Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Valencia, Bilbao, Santiago de Compostela) where regional editions are produced. ''El País'' also produces a world edition that is printed and distributed in Brazil(Portuguese) and Latin America(Spanish).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=El Pais - Corporativo )〕 ==History and profile== ''El País'' was founded in May 1976 by a team at PRISA which included José Ortega Spottorno and Carlos Mendo. The paper was designed by Reinhard Gade and Julio Alonso. It was first published on 4 May 1976,〔(Breve historia de ''El País'' ), El Pais.〕 six months after the death of dictator Francisco Franco, and at the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy. The first editor-in-chief of the daily was Juan Luis Cebrian. ''El País'' was the first pro-democracy newspaper within a context where all the other Spanish newspapers were influenced by Franco's ideology. The circulation of the paper was 116,600 copies in its first year.〔 It rose to 137,562 copies in 1977.〔 ''El País'' filled a gap in the market and became the newspaper of Spanish democracy, for which role ''El País'' was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and the Humanities in 1983, at a time when the transition from Franco's dictatorship to democracy was still developing. The paper's first Director (until 1988) was Juan Luis Cebrián, who came from the daily newspaper ''Informaciones''. Like many other Spanish journalists of the time he had worked for ''Diario Pueblo'' (meaning ''People's Daily'' in English) which was a mouthpiece for the Francoist sindicato vertical. Its reputation as a bastion of Spanish democracy was established during the attempted coup d'etat by Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero of the Guardia Civil on 23 February 1981. During the uncertain situation of the night of 23 February 1981, with all the members of parliament held hostage in the Congress building and with tanks on the streets of Valencia, and before the state television station could transmit a speech by King Juan Carlos I condemning the coup, ''El País'' published a special edition of the newspaper called In 1986 ''El País'' was the recipient of the Four Freedom Award for the Freedom of Speech by the Roosevelt Institute.〔(Four freedoms awards ) ''Roosevelt Institute''. Retrieved 21 April 2015.〕 In 1987 ''El País'' received the largest amount of the state aid. Both the rigorous journalistic standards and the fact that it was the first Spanish newspaper to establish internal quality control standards have increased the standing of ''El País''. It was also the first Spanish daily to create the role of Reader's Advocate (equivalent to the Press Ombudsman in Britain) and in publishing a "Style Guide" that has become a benchmark for quality amongst journalists.〔(For which role ''El País'' was awarded the Prince of Asturias Prize for Communication and the Humanities in 1973 ) 〕 ''El País'' has also established a number of collaborative agreements with other European newspapers with a social democrat viewpoint. In 1989, ''El País'' participated in the creation of a common network of information resources with ''La Repubblica'' in Italy and ''Le Monde'' in France. At the beginning of the 1990s, ''El País'' had to face a new political and journalistic challenge. The increasing political tensions caused by corruption scandals involving the socialist government of Felipe González polarized both the Spanish political classes and the press of the left and right wings. Since that time both the Partido Popular and the media aligned with it have accused ''El País'' and the other companies owned by PRISA.〔«(Eva Cuesta, el penúltimo fichaje del PSOE en PRISA )». Artículo de ''Periodista Digital'' (24 January 2007).〕〔«(Prisa y PSOE se apoyan mutuamente para seguir en el poder: dinero y publicidad a mantas )». Artículo de ''Por Andalucía Libre'' mencionando declaraciones de ''El Mundo'' 7 February 2007. 〕 along with Sogecable〔"(Sogecable responde a la llamada del PSOE y pide al Gobierno que Canal+ emita siempre en abierto )", Artículo de ''Libertad Digital'', ya solo consultable en TodoInternet.com.〕〔"(CC y PSOE prorrogan a Sogecable el contrato de la Televisión Canaria y el PP anuncia que lo impugnará )". ''Libertad Digital'' 9 May 2007〕 of supporting the interests of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). Despite this, ''El País'' has managed to maintain its position as the best selling generalist daily in Spain, although its lead over ''El Mundo'' has been reduced. Both in 1993 and 1994 it was the best selling newspaper in the country with a circulation of 401,258 copies and 408,267 copies, respectively.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~rquin001/factsspain.html )〕 In the period of 1995–1996 ''El Pais'' had a circulation of 420,934 copies, making it again the best-selling paper in the country. Since October 2001, an English language supplement of ''El País'' has been included in the Spanish version of the ''International Herald Tribune''. This content can also be found on El País' internet site http://elpais.com/elpais/inenglish.html. In 2001 ''El País'' had a circulation of 433,617 copies and it was 435,298 copies next year. The paper had a circulation of 435,000 copies in 2003. ''El País'' was awarded the World’s Best Designed Newspaper™ for 2006 by the Society for News Design (SND).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.snd.org/competitions/print/worlds-best-designed/ )〕 Based on the findings of the European Business Readership Survey the paper had 14,589 readers per issue in 2006. The circulation of the daily was 425,927 copies between June 2006 and July 2007. On 26 September 2007, the paper published the Bush-Aznar memo, a leaked transcript of a closed-door meeting between U.S. president George W. Bush and Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar, shortly before the invasion of Iraq.〔("''El País'' on Bush, Aznar, and Iraq". ) ''Harper's Magazine''. September 2007.〕 In 2007 the circulation of ''El País'' was about 400,000 copies. During the premiership of the PSOE's José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero ''El País'' published several articles criticising or opposing the policies of the Zapatero government. This provided opportunities for new entrants to represent the centre left, such as the appearance of the daily newspaper ''Público''. The 2008 circulation of ''El País'' was 435,083 copies, making it the most read daily in the country. It was 267,000 in April 2014.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「El País」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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